The urinary bladder is located in the pelvic cavity, posterior to the symphysis pubis, and below the parietal peritoneum, It is a hollow muscular organ in humans and other vertebrates, It stores urine from...
The urinary passage begins with the minor calyces that pour the formed urine into the major calyces. These, in turn, open into the renal pelvis, which drains into the ureters. All these passages are...
The principal function of the kidneys is to control almost all the characteristics of body fluids, especially of the ECF. Such characteristics are: volume, composition, and osmolality. Maintenance of normal volume and osmolality of...
For the cells of the body to function properly, they must be bathed in the extracellular fluid with a relatively constant concentration of electrolytes and other solutes, The total concentration of solutes in the...
The loop of Henle (or Henle’s loop, Henle loop, nephron loop) is the portion of a nephron that leads from the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule in the kidney. It creates...
The basic mechanisms for transport through the tubular membrane are essentially the same as those for transport through other membranes of the body. These can be divided into passive transport or diffusion and active...
