Mutation Mutation is a sudden change in the nature of the hereditary factors that controlling certain traits, which leads to a change of these traits in the living organism, Causes of mutation are due...
Prokaryotes are living organisms whose genetic material is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane, but found free in the cytoplasm such as bacteria, DNA molecules of mitochondria and chloroplasts (organelles of eukaryotic cells) are...
DNA is made up of four nitrogenous bases which may be a derivative of Pyrimidines & Purines, pyrimidines are single ring as thymine (T) & cytosine (C), Purines are double rings as adenine (A)...
Human belongs to the class Mammalia which is characterized by the development of the embryo inside the uterus till the birth, So, their ova are small and nearly devoid of yolk (because the embryo...
Alternation of generations It is a phenomenon of the succession of two or more generations in the life cycle of an organism, where there is a generation that reproduces sexually with one generation or...
Sexual reproduction depends on meiotic division, on forming the gametes (male-female), where the number of chromosomes is reduced to its half (n) and during fertilization, the male gamete fuses with the female gamete, therefore...
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