Optical pumping process is the excitation of atoms of the active material to generate laser by the optical energy, Helium and neon gases are suitable for the production of gases laser due to the...
The coordinate bond is considered as a special type of the covalent bonds which differs only in the origin of the electron pair which is shared between the atoms involved in the covalent bond,...
Nuclear fusion reaction It is the source of the destructive energy of the Hydrogen bomb , It is the fusion of two light nuclei to form a heavier nucleus of a mass smaller than...
Nuclear reactions are different from the chemical reactions , Since chemical reactions occur between the atoms of the reactant elements by the binding between the electrons of the outermost energy levels & no change...
The nucleus occupies a small space from the volume of the atom, It contains a number of nucleons ( protons and neutrons), Protons are positively charged & neutrons do not have a change , But...
Heat and temperature Heat is a form of energy , The flow of heat from one position to another depends on the difference in temperature between them, The atoms or molecules of substances are...
